{"id":224,"date":"2020-02-13T11:00:57","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T11:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ergonomics.eu\/FEES_WP\/2020\/02\/13\/legal-status-of-exoskeletons\/"},"modified":"2024-07-15T06:19:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T06:19:37","slug":"legal-status-of-exoskeletons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ergonomics.eu\/FEES_WP\/2020\/02\/13\/legal-status-of-exoskeletons\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal status of exoskeletons"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On the Personal Protected Equipment (PPE) working group meeting 2019 October in Brussels Reinier Hoftijzer on behalf of FEES and Henk Vanhoutte ESF (European Safety Federation) raised the issue of the legal status of exoskeletons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Due to functionality, there are three types of exoskeletons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nSupportive: redistributing forces on the body or correcting posture to avoid injuries or stress; <\/li>\n<li>\nReinforcing: adding strength (+ redistribution of forces); <\/li>\n<li>\nMedical\/curative: replacing or reinforcing bodily functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On the Personal Protected Equipment (PPE) working group meeting 2019 October in Brussels Reinier Hoftijzer on behalf of FEES and Henk Vanhoutte ESF (European Safety Federation) raised the issue of the legal status of exoskeletons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Due to functionality, there are three types of exoskeletons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nSupportive: redistributing forces on the body or correcting posture to avoid injuries or stress; <\/li>\n<li>\nReinforcing: adding strength (+ redistribution of forces); <\/li>\n<li>\nMedical\/curative: replacing or reinforcing bodily functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDue to power, there are two types of exoskeletons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nActive exoskeletons include actuators: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nElectrical motor<\/li>\n<li>\nHydraulic<\/li>\n<li>\nPneumatic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\nIn passive types, the energy only generated by the movement of the user: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nSprings<\/li>\n<li>\nDampers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEuropean Legal framework contains several applicable but not always obligatory reference:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nMachinery Directive: critical words in definition: \u201cfitted with a drive system other than directly applied by human or animal effort.\u201d <\/li>\n<li>\nMedical Device regulation: critical words in definition:  \u201cto be used for diagnostic and\/or therapeutic purposes.\u201d <\/li>\n<li>\nPersonal Protective Regulation: critical words in definition: \u201cto be worn or held by a person for protection against one or more risks to that person\u2019s health or safety.\u201d\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All the skeletons that are at the European Market in use at the workplace are certified (CE-mark) under Medical device regulation. But by definition, it should be under the PPE regulation. Because this presentation was the first about this problem of legislation, we expect more information and discussion soon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the Personal Protected Equipment (PPE) working group meeting 2019 October in Brussels Reinier Hoftijzer on behalf of FEES and Henk Vanhoutte ESF (European Safety Federation) raised the issue of the legal status of exoskeletons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Due to functionality, there are three types of exoskeletons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nSupportive: redistributing forces on the body or correcting posture to avoid injuries or stress; <\/li>\n<li>\nReinforcing: adding strength (+ redistribution of forces); <\/li>\n<li>\nMedical\/curative: replacing or reinforcing bodily functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,90],"tags":[85],"class_list":["post-224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge-domain","category-ppe","tag-sgc-of-fees"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Legal status of exoskeletons - Federation of the European Ergonomics Societies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ergonomics.eu\/FEES_WP\/2020\/02\/13\/legal-status-of-exoskeletons\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legal status of exoskeletons - Federation of the European Ergonomics Societies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On the Personal Protected Equipment (PPE) working group meeting 2019 October in Brussels Reinier Hoftijzer on behalf of FEES and Henk Vanhoutte ESF (European Safety Federation) raised the issue of the legal status of exoskeletons.&nbsp; 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